> ## Documentation Index > Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://axiom.co/docs/llms.txt > Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further. # String functions > Learn how to use and combine different string functions in APL The table summarizes the string functions available in APL. | Name | Description | | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | [base64\_decode\_toarray](/apl/scalar-functions/string-functions/base64-decode-toarray) | Decodes a Base64-encoded string into an array of bytes. | | [base64\_decode\_tostring](/apl/scalar-functions/string-functions/base64-decode-tostring) | Decodes a base64 string to a UTF-8 string. | | [base64\_encode\_fromarray](/apl/scalar-functions/string-functions/base64-encode-fromarray) | Converts a sequence of bytes into a Base64-encoded string. | | [base64\_encode\_tostring](/apl/scalar-functions/string-functions/base64-encode-tostring) | Encodes a string as base64 string. | | [coalesce](/apl/scalar-functions/string-functions/coalesce) | Evaluates a list of expressions and returns the first non-null (or non-empty for string) expression. | | [countof\_regex](/apl/scalar-functions/string-functions/countof-regex) | Counts occurrences of a substring in a string. Regex matches don’t. | | [countof](/apl/scalar-functions/string-functions/countof) | Counts occurrences of a substring in a string. | | [extract\_all](/apl/scalar-functions/string-functions/extract-all) | Gets all matches for a regular expression from a text string. | | [extract](/apl/scalar-functions/string-functions/extract) | Gets a match for a regular expression from a text string. | | [format\_bytes](/apl/scalar-functions/string-functions/format-bytes) | Formats a number of bytes as a string including bytes units | | [format\_url](/apl/scalar-functions/string-functions/format-url) | Formats an input string into a valid URL by adding the necessary protocol if it’s escaping illegal URL characters. | | [gettype](/apl/scalar-functions/string-functions/gettype) | Returns the runtime type of its single argument. | | [indexof](/apl/scalar-functions/string-functions/indexof) | Function reports the zero-based index of the first occurrence of a specified string within input string. | | [isascii](/apl/scalar-functions/string-functions/isascii) | Checks whether all characters in an input string are ASCII characters. | | [isempty](/apl/scalar-functions/string-functions/isempty) | Returns true if the argument is an empty string or is null. | | [isnotempty](/apl/scalar-functions/string-functions/isnotempty) | Returns true if the argument isn’t an empty string or a null. | | [isnotnull](/apl/scalar-functions/string-functions/isnotnull) | Returns true if the argument isn’t null. | | [isnull](/apl/scalar-functions/string-functions/isnull) | Evaluates its sole argument and returns a bool value indicating if the argument evaluates to a null value. | | [parse\_bytes](/apl/scalar-functions/string-functions/parse-bytes) | Parses a string including byte size units and returns the number of bytes | | [parse\_csv](/apl/scalar-functions/string-functions/parse-csv) | Splits a given string representing a single record of comma-separated values and returns a string array with these values. | | [parse\_json](/apl/scalar-functions/string-functions/parse-json) | Interprets a string as a JSON value and returns the value as dynamic. | | [parse\_url](/apl/scalar-functions/string-functions/parse-url) | Parses an absolute URL string and returns a dynamic object contains all parts of the URL. | | [parse\_urlquery](/apl/scalar-functions/string-functions/parse-urlquery) | Parses a URL query string and returns a dynamic object contains the Query parameters. | | [quote](/apl/scalar-functions/string-functions/quote) | Returns a string representing the input enclosed in double quotes, with internal quotes and escape sequences handled appropriately. | | [replace\_regex](/apl/scalar-functions/string-functions/replace-regex) | Replaces all regex matches with another string. | | [replace\_string](/apl/scalar-functions/string-functions/replace-string) | Replaces all string matches with another string. | | [replace](/apl/scalar-functions/string-functions/replace) | Replace all regex matches with another string. | | [reverse](/apl/scalar-functions/string-functions/reverse) | Function makes reverse of input string. | | [split](/apl/scalar-functions/string-functions/split) | Splits a given string according to a given delimiter and returns a string array with the contained substrings. | | [strcat\_delim](/apl/scalar-functions/string-functions/strcat-delim) | Concatenates between 2 and 64 arguments, with delimiter, provided as first argument. | | [strcat](/apl/scalar-functions/string-functions/strcat) | Concatenates between 1 and 64 arguments. | | [strcmp](/apl/scalar-functions/string-functions/strcmp) | Compares two strings. | | [string-size](/apl/scalar-functions/string-functions/string-size) | Returns the length, in characters, of the input string. | | [strlen](/apl/scalar-functions/string-functions/strlen) | Returns the length, in characters, of the input string. | | [strrep](/apl/scalar-functions/string-functions/strrep) | Repeats given string provided number of times (default = 1). | | [substring](/apl/scalar-functions/string-functions/substring) | Extracts a substring from a source string. | | [tolower](/apl/scalar-functions/string-functions/tolower) | Converts a string to lower case. | | [totitle](/apl/scalar-functions/string-functions/totitle) | Converts a string to title case. | | [toupper](/apl/scalar-functions/string-functions/toupper) | Converts a string to upper case. | | [translate](/apl/scalar-functions/string-functions/translate) | Substitutes characters in a string, one by one, based on their position in two input lists. | | [trim\_end\_regex](/apl/scalar-functions/string-functions/trim-end-regex) | Removes trailing match of the specified regular expression. | | [trim\_end](/apl/scalar-functions/string-functions/trim-end) | Removes trailing match of the specified cutset. | | [trim\_regex](/apl/scalar-functions/string-functions/trim-regex) | Removes all leading and trailing matches of the specified regular expression. | | [trim\_space](/apl/scalar-functions/string-functions/trim-space) | Removes all leading and trailing whitespace from a string. | | [trim\_start\_regex](/apl/scalar-functions/string-functions/trim-start-regex) | Removes leading match of the specified regular expression. | | [trim\_start](/apl/scalar-functions/string-functions/trim-start) | Removes leading match of the specified cutset. | | [trim](/apl/scalar-functions/string-functions/trim) | Removes all leading and trailing matches of the specified cutset. | | [unicode\_codepoints\_from\_string](/apl/scalar-functions/string-functions/unicode-codepoints-from-string) | Converts a UTF-8 string into an array of Unicode code points. | | [unicode\_codepoints\_to\_string](/apl/scalar-functions/string-functions/unicode-codepoints-to-string) | Converts an array of Unicode code points into a UTF-8 encoded string. | | [url\_decode](/apl/scalar-functions/string-functions/url-decode) | Converts encoded URL into a regular URL representation. | | [url\_encode](/apl/scalar-functions/string-functions/url-encode) | Converts characters of the input URL into a format that can be transmitted over the Internet. | Built with [Mintlify](https://mintlify.com).