Mathematical functions

The table summarizes the mathematical functions available in APL.

​

abs

Calculates the absolute value of the input.

​

Arguments

​

Returns

• Absolute value of x.

​

Examples

abs(x)

abs(80.5) == 80.5

['sample-http-logs']
| project absolute_value = abs(req_duration_ms)

Run in Playground

​

acos

Returns the angle whose cosine is the specified number (the inverse operation of cos()) .

​

Arguments

​

Returns

• The value of the arc cosine of x
• null if x < -1 or x > 1

​

Examples

acos(x)

acos(-1) == 3.141592653589793

Run in Playground

​

asin

Returns the angle whose sine is the specified number (the inverse operation of sin()) .

​

Arguments

• x: A real number in range [-1, 1].

​

Returns

• The value of the arc sine of x
• null if x < -1 or x > 1

​

Examples

asin(x)

['sample-http-logs']
| project inverse_sin_angle = asin(-1)

Run in Playground

​

atan

Returns the angle whose tangent is the specified number (the inverse operation of tan()) .

​

Arguments

x: A real number.

​

Returns

The value of the arc tangent of x

​

Examples

atan(x)

atan(-1) == -0.7853981633974483

Run in Playground

​

atan2

Calculates the angle, in radians, between the positive x-axis and the ray from the origin to the point (y, x).

​

Arguments

x: X coordinate (a real number). y: Y coordinate (a real number).

​

Returns

The angle, in radians, between the positive x-axis and the ray from the origin to the point (y, x).

​

Examples

atan2(y,x)

atan2(-1, 1) == -0.7853981633974483

Run in Playground

​

cos

Returns the cosine function.

​

Arguments

x: A real number.

​

Returns

The result of cos(x)

​

Examples

cos(x)

cos(-1) == 0.5403023058681398

Run in Playground

​

degrees

Converts angle value in radians into value in degrees, using formula degrees = (180 / PI ) * angle_in_radians

​

Arguments

​

Returns

The corresponding angle in degrees for an angle specified in radians.

​

Examples

degrees(a)

degrees(3.14) == 179.9087476710785

Run in Playground

​

exp

The base-e exponential function of x, which is e raised to the power x: e^x.

​

Arguments

​

Returns

• Exponential value of x.
• For natural (base-e) logarithms, see log.
• For exponential functions of base-2 and base-10 logarithms, see exp2, exp10

​

Examples

exp(x)

exp(1) == 2.718281828459045

Run in Playground

​

exp2

The base-2 exponential function of x, which is 2 raised to the power x: 2^x.

​

Arguments

​

Returns

• Exponential value of x.
• For natural (base-2) logarithms, see log2.
• For exponential functions of base-e and base-10 logarithms, see exp, exp10

​

Examples

exp2(x)

| project base_2_exponential_value = exp2(req_duration_ms)

Run in Playground

​

gamma

Computes gamma function

​

Arguments

• x: Parameter for the gamma function

​

Returns

• Gamma function of x.
• For computing log-gamma function, see loggamma().

​

Examples

gamma(x)

gamma(4) == 6

Run in Playground

​

isinf

Returns whether input is an infinite (positive or negative) value.

​

Example

isinf(x)

isinf(45.56) == false

Run in Playground

​

Arguments

x: A real number.

​

Returns

A non-zero value (true) if x is a positive or negative infinite; and zero (false) otherwise.

​

isnan

Returns whether input is Not-a-Number (NaN) value.

​

Arguments

x: A real number.

​

Returns

A non-zero value (true) if x is NaN; and zero (false) otherwise.

​

Examples

isnan(x)

isnan(45.56) == false

Run in Playground

​

log

log() returns the natural logarithm function.

​

Arguments

​

Returns

The natural logarithm is the base-e logarithm: the inverse of the natural exponential function (exp). null if the argument is negative or null or can’t be converted to a real value.

​

Examples

log(x)

log(1) == 0

Run in Playground

​

log10

log10() returns the common (base-10) logarithm function.

​

Arguments

​

Returns

The common logarithm is the base-10 logarithm: the inverse of the exponential function (exp) with base 10. null if the argument is negative or null or can’t be converted to a real value.

​

Examples

log10(x)

log10(4) == 0.6020599913279624

Run in Playground

​

log2

log2() returns the base-2 logarithm function.

​

Arguments

​

Returns

The logarithm is the base-2 logarithm: the inverse of the exponential function (exp) with base 2. null if the argument is negative or null or can’t be converted to a real value.

​

Examples

log2(x)

log2(6) == 2.584962500721156

Run in Playground

​

loggamma

Computes log of absolute value of the gamma function

​

Arguments

x: Parameter for the gamma function

​

Returns

• Returns the natural logarithm of the absolute value of the gamma function of x.

​

Examples

loggamma(x)

```kusto
loggamma(16) == 27.89927138384089

Run in Playground

​

not

Reverses the value of its bool argument.

​

Examples

not(expr)

Run in Playground

​

Arguments

​

Returns

Returns the reversed logical value of its bool argument.

​

pi

Returns the constant value of Pi.

​

Returns

• The double value of Pi (3.1415926…)

​

Examples

pi()

['sample-http-logs']
| project pie = pi()

Run in Playground

​

pow

Returns a result of raising to power

​

Examples

pow(base, exponent )

pow(2, 6) == 64

Run in Playground

​

Arguments

• base: Base value.
• exponent: Exponent value.

​

Returns

Returns base raised to the power exponent: base ^ exponent.

​

radians

Converts angle value in degrees into value in radians, using formula radians = (PI / 180 ) * angle_in_degrees

​

Arguments

​

Returns

The corresponding angle in radians for an angle specified in degrees.

​

Examples

radians(a)

radians(60) == 1.0471975511965976

Run in Playground

​

round

Returns the rounded source to the specified precision.

​

Arguments

• source: The source scalar the round is calculated on.
• Precision: Number of digits the source will be rounded to.(default value is 0)

​

Returns

The rounded source to the specified precision.

​

Examples

round(source [, Precision])

round(25.563663) == 26

Run in Playground

​

sign

Sign of a numeric expression

​

Examples

sign(x)

sign(25.563663) == 1

Run in Playground

​

Arguments

• x: A real number.

​

Returns

• The positive (+1), zero (0), or negative (-1) sign of the specified expression.

​

sin

Returns the sine function.

​

Examples

sin(x)

sin(25.563663) == 0.41770848373492825

Run in Playground

​

Arguments

​

Returns

The result of sin(x)

​

sqrt

Returns the square root function.

​

Examples

sqrt(x)

sqrt(25.563663) == 5.0560521160288685

Run in Playground

​

Arguments

​

Returns

• A positive number such that _sqrt(x) _ sqrt(x) == x*
• null if the argument is negative or cannot be converted to a real value.

​

tan

Returns the tangent function.

​

Examples

tan(x)

tan(25.563663) == 0.4597371460602336

Run in Playground

​

Argument

​

Returns

• The result of tan(x)

​

exp10

The base-10 exponential function of x, which is 10 raised to the power x: 10^x.

​

Examples

exp10(x)

exp10(25.563663) == 36,615,333,994,520,800,000,000,000

Run in Playground

​

Arguments

​

Returns

• Exponential value of x.
• For natural (base-10) logarithms, see log10.
• For exponential functions of base-e and base-2 logarithms, see exp, exp2

​

isint

Returns whether input is an integer (positive or negative) value.

​

Arguments

• Expr: expression value which can be a real number

​

Returns

A non-zero value (true) if expression is a positive or negative integer; and zero (false) otherwise.

​

Examples

isint(expression)

isint(resp_body_size_bytes) == true 

isint(25.563663) == false

Run in Playground

​

isfinite

Returns whether input is a finite value (is neither infinite nor NaN).

​

Arguments

• number: A real number.

​

Returns

A non-zero value (true) if x is finite; and zero (false) otherwise.

​

Examples

isfinite(number)

isfinite(25.563663) == true

Run in Playground